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Common Symptoms of a faulty Intelligent Power Distribution Module

By R&D
Published on February 10th, 2025

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The Intelligent Power Distribution Module (IPDM) is a vital component of your vehicle’s electrical system. Typically located in the engine compartment, the IPDM is responsible for managing and distributing electrical power to various systems and components within the vehicle. This management is crucial for ensuring the efficient operation of electrical systems, preventing overloads, and maintaining overall vehicle performance.

The IPDM consists of a microcontroller that regulates the internal control circuit to perform relay ON-OFF control according to input signals from various sensors and request signals received from control units via Controller Area Network (CAN) communication. By adjusting the power flow, the IPDM helps optimize the performance of systems such as lighting, climate control, and engine management.

If the IPDM malfunctions, it can lead to a range of electrical issues. These problems may include intermittent power loss, malfunctioning electrical components, or even complete system failures. A faulty IPDM can also contribute to increased wear on electrical components and reduced overall vehicle reliability.

Common Symptoms of a faulty Intelligent Power Distribution Module

This article highlights the typical symptoms of a faulty IPDM to help you identify potential issues and their root causes.

What Causes Intelligent Power Distribution Module Failures?

Aging Components: Over time, the components within the IPDM can degrade due to regular wear and tear. This aging process can lead to reduced efficiency and eventual failure of the module. Factors such as prolonged exposure to heat and vibration can accelerate the deterioration of these components.

Corrosion: Corrosion is a common issue that can affect the IPDM, especially in environments with high humidity or exposure to excessive heat in the engine compartment. Corroded connectors and circuit boards can disrupt the electrical flow, leading to intermittent power loss or complete failure of the module.

Electrical Overloads: Electrical overloads can occur when the IPDM is subjected to excessive current or voltage. This can be caused by faulty wiring, short circuits, or the addition of aftermarket electrical accessories that exceed the module’s capacity. Overloads can damage the internal circuitry of the IPDM, leading to malfunctioning or failure of the module.

Common Symptoms of a Faulty Intelligent Power Distribution Module

Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) or Check Engine Light (CEL) Illuminates

A malfunctioning IPDM may trigger the vehicle's On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) system to illuminate the MIL and store a corresponding Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) in its memory. However, the MIL can be illuminated for multiple reasons, so using a Scan Tool to diagnose the specific issue is essential.

Intermittent Power Loss

When the IPDM malfunctions, it can cause intermittent power loss to various electrical components. This can result in flickering headlights, malfunctioning accessories, or sudden loss of power to critical systems. These failures occur because the IPDM is unable to properly manage and distribute electrical power, leading to inconsistent or insufficient power supply to these components.

Rough Idling

A faulty IPDM can also cause rough idling of the engine. This occurs when the IPDM fails to properly manage the power distribution to the engine control systems’ relays, such as the engine starter and ignition relays, leading to inconsistent engine performance. You might notice the engine running unevenly or shaking while idling, with fluctuating RPM. Rough idling can lead to increased engine wear over time and may also affect the overall driving experience, making it less smooth and more uncomfortable.

Find the perfect scanner in 1 minute

Identify a Faulty Intelligent Power Distribution Module with the Innova Scan Tool

The Innova Scan Tool quickly retrieves and identifies existing DTCs in your vehicle’s computers. With a quick OBD2 Scan, you can retrieve existing DTCs, the I/M Status of the vehicle, and any collected Freeze Frame data from these computers. Refer to the Innova Coverage Checker to determine the level of information supported on your vehicle by year, make, and model. The Innova Scan tool effectively diagnoses IPDM-related issues, helping you easily pinpoint and resolve problems.